Legion of Honor Essay - 1677 Words

Throughout different time periods and civilizations come many different types of art that would never be comparable to those of another time or place. There are also the pieces that come from a completely different time and place, but yet they can still be compared to one another. The Torso of a God (Egyptian, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, last decade of the reign of Amenhotep III, Granodiorite, 1359-1349 B.C.) and the Statue of Asklepios (Greek, Hellenistic period, Pentelic Marble, 2nd century B.C.) are two sculptures made hundreds of years apart, yet they both display many similarities and show how art is constantly changing whilst keeping the same core ideas. The Torso of a God is a sculpture located at the Legion of Honor museum in San†¦show more content†¦The statue shows the God in a good light and as a muscular and fit being, but at the same time is portrayed in an extremely unrealistic way. The Statue of Asklepios is a classic Greek sculpture that portrays a person of th e most perfect and athletic form. The piece is of a man standing beautifully while draped in a toga. The toga is draped over his left shoulder and cuts across to the right side of his body near his lower abdomen and then continues to cover his legs until his ankle. The toga also is draped over the pieces entire back. The piece is missing his head, his left arm and both his right foot and almost its entire right arm. The piece has a smooth, but not glossy, exterior in all of the areas except for the parts that have been broken off. Asklepios is portrayed as an incredible fit and beautiful being. The abdomen is extremely muscular and shows off the miraculous fitness of the model. The toga has many wrinkles, creating a lot of shadow and darks and lights. It also is wrapped in a way that is both loose and tight in different areas of the sculpture. It is tied right next to the left pectoral and the left armpit. This piece emphasizes the muscular body of this man while at the same time po rtraying him standing in such a nonchalant way through the curvature and relaxed look of the figure. And unlike the Torso of a God, this piece clearly shows movement through the shape of the body and the folds of the toga becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Legion Of Honor By John Baptiste Oudry1280 Words   |  6 PagesWhen at the Legion of Honor, we as a group came across a painting known as â€Å"The Pà ¢tà ©Ã¢â‚¬  which was completed by French artist John Baptiste Oudry in 1743. Some quick dimensions of the painting include, 69 3/4 x 49 (177.2 x 124.5 cm) being a rather average size painting in that century in that geographical location. The artist John Baptiste Oudry was a well known Rococo painter, tapestry designer as well as illustrator. Most of his praised work was centered around hunted game or animals in well forestedRead MoreThe Assassination of Julius Caesar Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesand allegiance of large armies, or legions, powerful generals could march against the Republic and over throw the Senate, thus creating a serious threat. The Senate’s strategy to abate this threat from generals and their legions was to reward victorious generals with honors and titles. Celebrations lasting for days were held in a victorious general’s honor and the general was rewarded a political office or given a special title. Several generals had been given honors and titles during the middle ofRead MoreThe Arch of Titus: The Triumph of the Emperor Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagespoint of the Via Sacra, or Sacred Road, this arch is a lasting monument to the glorification of Titus. The Arch of Titus was built by Emperor Domitian to honor the capture and siege of Jerusalem by Titus and his apotheosis, or deification. This arch is an outstanding example of one of the most celebrated ways used by the Romans to express the honor and glory of their emperors. The Arch of Titus is known for its depictions of the spoils brought back to Rome after the destruction of Jerusalem. As aRead MoreGaius Octavius Augustus: First Emperor of the Roman Empire1498 Words   |  6 Pagesconquest, glory and honor he won their praise and acceptance. He was also a noted scholar, tactician and aristocrat; a gifted orator, he embodied everything it meant to be a citizen of Rome, honorable, courageous, brilliant and cunning. Following the assassination of Caesar, in accordance with his great uncles will, Octavius held celebratory games in Caesars honor. Doing so, at great personal expense, he garnered the overwhelming support of the public as well as Caesars legions of troops. Due toRead More This Is Audie Murphy Essay610 Words   |  3 Pageskeeps the enemy from advancing on his position. He spends almost an hour on top of the tank destroyer until his ammunition is exhausted. Seconds later after climbing off the tank destroyer, it explodes. For this action, Audie receives the Medal of Honor. PVT, AUSnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;30 Jun 42 PFC, AUSnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;7 May 43 CPL, AUSnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;15 Jul 43 SGT, AUSnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;13 Dec 43 S/SGT, AUSnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;13 Jan 44 2d LTRead MoreUniversal Cultural Values Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesgunpoint, forces its employees to broadcast a specially prepared video addressing the people of England. In the video, the very same mysterious masked man chastises the English people for their disregard for the once cherished values of duty, freedom and honor, values shared by many ancient civilizations. While at first glance, western culture as represented in the movie, V for Vendetta, may seem drastically different from those of ancient societies, many underlying philosophical similarities do emerge deepRead MoreA Brief Biography of Aurelian1108 Words   |  4 Pagessuggest his future destiny with greatness. Aurelian was born in the province of Rome in 214 AD. Unlike prior emperors of Rome, his father was a commoner, and had no ties to politics. Like most commoners did during the time, Aurelian joined the legion. The legion was Rome’s version of the army. He quickly showed his military talent and served most of his career as a cavalry commander. His military success led to his first introduction to the politics of Rome. Due to his prowess as a cavalry commanderRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 1830865 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States, Thomas pushed for the Cherokee’s right to fight for the Confederate cause. After a hard enough push, the Cherokee fought for the Confederacy. The troop was deemed The Thomas Legion. After a long hard battle in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina, the Confederacy fell. The Thomas Legion was the last to surrender. Because of their loyalty to the Confederacy, Colonel W. C. Bartlett granted them permission to return home with their w eapons. In 1863, Tennessee had seceded fromRead MoreRome, Father Of Western Civilization1634 Words   |  7 Pagesslavery if his son was deformed or the household lacked the money to keep him, as family name and reputation meant everything to both plebeian and patrician families(PBS 1). This focus on status and reputation lead many into the military, patricians to honor their legacy and family, and plebeians in a hope to gain status and to gain the land that would be awarded at the end of military service(PBS 2). Men of the Roman army seem very distant to us today, but through archaeological finds we can begin toRead More An Analysis of Homais as an instrument of satire in Flauberts, Madame Bovary1577 Words   |  7 Pagesattitude that Flaubert so vehemently detested. His overly ambitious attitude becomes apparent towards the end of the novel. He is a successful pharmacist and a content father, however, â€Å"a secret ambition irked him; Homais wanted the medal of the Legion of Honor,† a sign of nobility (Bovary 324). Even though Homais achieved what some men could only dream of, he is not satisfied until his ambitions are appeased. And although Homais professes to be egalitarian he is clearly status-conscious. Using Homais

Aqa-Scly1-W-Qp-Jun11 Free Essays

General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination June 2011 Sociology Unit 1 Wednesday 18 May 2011 For this paper you must have: ? an AQA 8-page answer book. SCLY1 9. 00 am to 10. We will write a custom essay sample on Aqa-Scly1-W-Qp-Jun11 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 00 am Time allowed ? 1 hour Instructions ? Use black ink or black ball-point pen. ? Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Examining Body for this paper is AQA. The Paper Reference is SCLY1. ? This paper is divided into three sections. ? Choose one section and answer all of the questions from that section. Do not answer questions from more than one section. ? Do all rough work in your answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information ? The marks for questions are shown in brackets. ? The maximum mark for this paper is 60. ? Questions carrying 24 marks should be answered in continuous prose. In these questions you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. G/T64897/Jun11/SCLY1 6/6/ SCLY1 2 Choose one section and answer all of the questions from that section. Section A: Culture and Identity Total for this section: 60 marks Read Items 1A and 1B below and answer questions Item 1A Interactionists see a person’s identity as arising from interactions with other people and from how those interactions are interpreted. For example, social expectations about what is an appropriate leisure activity for an older person may influence what that person does in their spare time. This choice of leisure activity may affect how they see themselves and how others see them, both of which contribute to their sense of identity. Item 1B For Marxists, culture in society reflects ruling-class ideology. It expresses the distorted view of the world put forward by the dominant class and is important in maintaining the system of social inequality that exists in capitalist society. Functionalist sociologists argue that the culture of society reflects the shared values of that society. Society needs a shared culture to run effectively, and various agencies play their part in socialising members of society. 0 0 1 2 Explain what is meant by ‘socialisation’. 5 0 1 to 0 5 that follow. (2 marks) Suggest two reasons, apart from the one mentioned in Item 1A, why leisure choices may vary across different age groups. (4 marks) Identify three characteristics and/or concepts associated with interactionist views of culture and identity, apart from those mentioned in Item 1A. (6 marks) Examine sociological explanations of the ways in which ethnicity may shape social identity. (24 marks) Using material from Item 1B a nd elsewhere, assess sociological explanations of the role of culture in society. (24 marks) 0 3 0 4 0 5 G/T64897/Jun11/SCLY1 3 Section B: Families and Households Total for this section: 60 marks Read Items 2A and 2B below and answer questions Item 2A Many people see childhood as a natural stage of life that is determined by biology. What is expected of children is shaped by their age. However, sociologists suggest that childhood is a social construction. For example, changes in the laws regarding compulsory education and access to the labour market have shaped the experiences of children today. Item 2B Feminists take a critical view of the family. They argue that family life maintains and promotes gender inequality. For example, this is reflected in the domestic division of labour. Housework and childcare in the family, which are carried out mainly by women, are unpaid and hardly recognised as work at all. However, some sociologists suggest that feminist theories ignore the extent of family diversity. In fact, family roles and relationships are varied and therefore women’s experiences of family life are more diverse than some feminists suggest. 0 0 6 7 Explain what is meant by the ‘social construction’ of childhood (Item 2A). 0 6 to 1 0 that follow. 5 (2 marks) Suggest two ways, apart from those mentioned in Item 2A, in which government policies and/or laws may shape the experiences of children today. (4 marks) Identify three reasons why the birth rate has fallen since 1900. Examine the reasons for changes in the divorce rate since 1969. (6 marks) (24 marks) 0 0 1 8 9 0 Using material from Item 2B and elsew here, assess the contribution of feminist sociologists to an understanding of family roles and relationships. (24 marks) Turn over for Section C Turn over ? G/T64897/Jun11/SCLY1 4 Section C: Wealth, Poverty and Welfare Total for this section: 60 marks Read Items 3A and 3B below and answer questions Item 3A In the United Kingdom, there is a mixed economy of welfare provision. This means that a range of different individuals and organisations provides welfare. The state benefits system is part of this provision and includes some benefits that are universal and others that are means-tested or selective. Voluntary groups also provide welfare services alongside the state and other providers. Item 3B Some sociologists suggest that the attitudes and behaviour of the poor themselves are a significant factor in the existence and continuation of poverty. The poor have a distinct subculture that is different from the rest of society. This subculture encourages certain attitudes and behaviour that keep the poor locked in poverty. However, other sociologists question the existence of a set of different norms and values among the poor. Instead, they suggest that poverty arises from the structure and organisation of society. 1 1 1 2 Explain the difference between income and wealth. 1 1 to 1 5 that follow. 5 (4 marks) Suggest two advantages of welfare benefits being universal, rather than selective (Item 3A). (4 marks) Suggest two advantages of welfare provision by voluntary groups (Item 3A). (4 marks) 1 1 3 4 Examine the reasons for the increasing inequality of wealth in the United Kingdom since the 1970s. (24 marks) Using material from Item 3B and elsewhere, assess the view that the attitudes and the behaviour of the poor themselves are responsible for poverty. (24 marks) 1 5 END OF QUESTIONS Copyright  © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. G/T64897/Jun11/SCLY1 How to cite Aqa-Scly1-W-Qp-Jun11, Essay examples

Evolution of Accounting Software in Australia

Question: Describe about the Evolution of Accounting Software in Australia. Answer: History Accounting is an important business activity in any business house and this activity was holding lot of important information about the organization (Deshmukh, 2006). The programmers concentrated to develop lot of applications that can serve the accounting field. In the initial stage the in house programmers present in an organization developed the solutions to solve the problems faced in the organization. So the first accounting program was programmed for the mainframe computers which was initiated by IBM and played a vital role in developing the software and ruled the world. The mainframes were in use from 1960 to 1975 and these systems provided high security and were very much reliable but they were large in size, which used the centralized processing intelligence (A System of Health Accounts, 2011). There was a new invention of the minicomputers which were basically smaller than the mainframe computers and were also less powerful when compared the mainframes. The use of minicomputers lasted from 1975 to 1985. The data was stored as the flat files and was managed by the indexed file organization structures same like the mainframe computers. In general the Assembler, FORTRAN, COBOL and RPG languages was used by both the mainframe and minicomputers. It was improvised to the database as a hierarchical type. These computers provided the high capacity for processing the transactions and it supported large number of users. Then next, from 1980 to 1990, the microcomputers were in use. It showed a greater advancement as it provided the Local Area Networking to share files, for indexing the files, but it contained certain limitations like, it offered a limited capacity for processing the transactions and supported limited users. Then the world of accounting saw important changes from 1988 to 1995 with the client server architecture that used the LAN and WAN (Wide Area Network). These computers were a mixture of mainframe computers, minicomputers and the Personal computers. The databases were able to centralize as well as decentralize and it supported many users. The transaction processing capacity was really high. From 1995 the world completely saw a new era of internet, which contained the relational databases, object-oriented database, multidimensional databases and Object-oriented databases. It offered the users the flexible capacity for processing the transactions and was used by a huge number of users world-wide. As stated in (Deshmukh, 2006), it is determined that though the world has stepped in to an evolutionary phase, there are few governments and the businesses that still continue the old hardware and software. But to a maximum extent the new generation software languages are used. And as per (Shoeboxed.com.au, 2016), it is stated that the Australian businesses, among which approximately 80% still run based on excel spreadsheets and invoices which are generally written manually or by using the MS Word. In general it is determined by (BIT, 2016), that before the year 2000, most of the small businesses in Australia were happy using the manual accounting work but since the advent of GST, a huge number of business shifted to the accounting software. This was supported by the Commonwealth Government. It is not wrong to continue the business with book keeping process and according to the survey of (BIT, 2016), almost 13 percent of the organizations continued book keeping for their business and found it to be reliable for their business. The Current Market Size In 2011, the Deloitte Access Economics has estimated in (The Outsourced Accountant, 2015), that the market size will increase to a greater extent. And thus, according to (The Outsourced Accountant, 2015), the Australian economy is seeing a digital growth in an accelerated speed and has been contributed in the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in the year 2015 and thus the market is increasing in its size rapidly. The outsourced accountants are helpful for the Australian accounting organizations to know and apply the solutions provided by the outsourced accountants to become a proactive participant and attract clients. The outsourced accountants help Australia to save time and money and carrier out the work which consumes more time. (The Outsourced Accountant, 2015). Therefore, according to (Ibisworld.com.au, 2016), in the last five years, there is steady growth in Australian market size. The Leaders in the Market In Australia, there exist three big competitors for the accounting software market called as MYOB, Intuit and Xero. According to (Businessinsider.com.au, 2016), MYOB is the strongest competitor. These accounting software helps in inviting the accounting professionals for viewing the customer's accounts and helps them in taking appropriate decisions by giving their time for their customers (Xero Accounting Software, 2016). The software provides a real time view of the cash flow of the customer, provides a collaboration which helps in accessing and controlling the members level for access. It offers a security of the customer's data. It helps in decreasing the data entry manually. Moreover, in order to ease the customers it provides completely free and automatic updates for its customers (Xero Accounting Software, 2016). The MYOB has increased its market from $AU831.7 to $AU833.8 million (Businessinsider.com.au, 2016). The software packages are tailor fitted and customised as per the r equirement of the business (Yau and K. Auyeung, 1995). What gives them the Competitive Advantage? According to (Businessinsider.com.au, 2016), the competitors for the accounting software market are competing to take over the market and their plus point is that any business today, whether a big one or a small one requires to handle and manage the accounting department of their firms and thus these firms help our competing accounting software companies to gain their objective in an easy way (Duska, Duska and Ragatz, 2011). The companies in Australia are evacuating the space of the book keepers and allowing the accounting software to do the same accounting process effectively. The processes such as the invoicing, cash flow decision management are all carried out on the desktops and by using the mobile applications. Moreover, even the online accounting facilities are made available in Australia for the small businesses (Xero Accounting Software, 2016). Identify the Current Challenges Encountered By Users or Customers of Accounting Software or Packages Security is major issue faced by the accounting software or the packages in Australia. As per (QnE Accounting Software, 2013), the other problems are ineffective reporting, Inefficiency, poor accessing speed, Inaccuracy, they are not user-friendly, the Bank Reconciliation feature is absent, it lacks effective (CRM) Customer Relationship Management, inconvenient technical supports via phone, it lacks compatibility and most importantly the technical support service is not available 24/7 for the customers. Maintenance of accounting software's essential tools for using the software effectively requires updated equipment and thus it is a challenge for the small firms. (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016). The simple form of mathematics were expanded by using the accounting methods which were quite complex in nature. But, there are accounting experts for whom this is just a matter of time to solve the problem by using simple and easy methods. On the other hand the accounting software helps to solve the problem in no time with the simplest method, the very fact is that the cost acts as a gap for the small organizations to adopt to the accounting software (Ibisworld.com.au, 2016). Recommendations The small business houses in Australia are recommended to choose the appropriate and suitable online accounting software that completely fits their business requirements. The other important aspect for which the accounting packages are suggested is that they offer various features which helps the firm. Moreover, make selection based on the budget of the firm. It is suggested that any queries related to the accounting software must be directly talked and sorted out to avoid future management problems. References A System of Health Accounts. (2011). Paris: OECD Publishing. BIT. (2016).7 accounting packages for Australian small businesses compared: including MYOB, QuickBooks Online, Reckon, Xero. [online] Available at: https://www.bit.com.au/Review/344651,7-accounting-packages-for-australian-small-businesses-compared-including-myob-quickbooks-online-reckon-xero.aspx [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Businessinsider.com.au. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/charts-the-battle-for-supremacy-in-australias-cloud-accounting-market-2015-4 [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Duska, R., Duska, B. and Ragatz, J. (2011).Accounting ethics. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Ibisworld.com.au. (2016).Software Publishing in Australia Market Research | IBISWorld. [online] Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=5275 [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. QnE Accounting Software. (2013).Problems faced by companies that are using accounting software for their businesses. [online] Available at: https://qneaccountingsoftware.wordpress.com/2013/09/13/problems-faced-by-companies-that-are-using-accounting-software-for-their-businesses [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Shoeboxed.com.au. (2016).The evolution of accounting bookkeeping. [online] Available at: https://www.shoeboxed.com.au/blog/the-evolution-of-accounting-bookkeeping/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Smallbusiness.chron.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-using-accounting-software-3823.html [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. The Outsourced Accountant. (2015).Australian Accounting Trends in 2015 Financial Year. [online] Available at: https://theoutsourcedaccountant.com/australian-accounting-trends-in-2015-financial-year/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Xero Accounting Software. (2016).Online Accounting | Xero. [online] Available at: https://www.xero.com/au/accounting-software/online-accounting/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016].

Web 2.0 Education

Web 2.0 has led to an increase in leisure classes which has encouraged people to study online during their free time. They are able to do this without fear that their student accounts may be hacked. It has also led to freedom in learning as people are able to learn any topic or subject that they want.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Web 2.0: Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The web 2.0 has made learning to be convenient since it is easier for one to access their course lessons anytime. This encourages more people to register for free online courses that are being provided by multiple organizations nowadays. Web 2.0 has also contributed to MOOC by creating flexibility. It has made it possible for individuals undertake their studies anytime that is suitable in relation to their schedules. People are also able to choose who they study or in which groups they can take part in discussions. The web 2.0 h as ensured that what we learn can be retrieved online by simply looking them up via search engines. Hence, all that we learn is always available and this leads to the promotion of a lifelong studying and learning as students are able to access more information without the need to buy books. The presence of advanced internet technology has made free online studying easier which enables people to access new information thus making the world seem as a global village. It has also broadened the horizon to extents that no one could imagine by making communication easier since one can communicate his ideas with ease through the internet leading to enlightenment to the majority. Generally, web 2.0 has enabled people to carry out their learning online at ease. How to use OER in building courses Open Educational Resources are a powerful tool that provides basic education for all and ensures that education of individuals is promoted for a long period of time. OER is used in numerous institutio ns of learning as it enables the provision of a wide range of courses to a large since it is less expensive. Increased use of OER has a likelihood of transforming people’s positively by increasing the levels of literacy.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More OER broadens access of education within and outside institutions of learning since one is able to access the needed materials for their study whether at home or in school. This leads to an improvement of the interaction and development in academic networks through enhancement of quality in learning as educational resources have been released openly not just for enrolled learners but for everyone interested in learning. It also encourages the scrutiny of the people who create resources and their colleagues by ensuring that education resources are accessible worldwide. OER Increases productivity as it ensures that one has a cl ear idea of the course materials that they are supposed to possess. This enables students to access a number of resources that make them well informed. OER‘s ownership is protected by a copyright that permits institutions to manage the available resources to prevent piracy. Describe how the game integrates digital technologies to the benefit of teaching and learning The game uses digital communication to ensure consistent communication which is continuous between the teacher and the learner hence ensuring good interpersonal relations between them. It also ensures that before any learning takes place the student is willing. This leads to a higher performance as the level of student engagement and motivation during learning is heightened. Digital technologies accelerates learning since it makes it easier by ensuring the materials needed are readily available and can be accessed at will by both the students and teachers. Thus, it links teachers and students and enables both teach ers and students access the professional and reliable academic resources. Furthermore, it has led to increased educational productivity by increasing the quality of education. This happens because it encourages by providing them with materials that are reliable and authentic. There is also an increased efficiency since they can manage risks. Digital technology reduces the cost of purchasing the learning materials since they are sold cheaply online. It also helps in utilizing both teachers’ and learners’ time as there is no time wastage since the students and teachers can access information easily that they cannot be able to access manually.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Web 2.0: Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Finally, the digital technologies ensure there is dual enrolment as students can enrol in more than one course at a time. Teachers can also carry out their education as they go on with their professional duties due to the presence of vocational and online classes. This assessment on Web 2.0: Education was written and submitted by user Derr1ck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Equilibrium Constant of Electrochemical Cell Reaction

Equilibrium Constant of Electrochemical Cell Reaction The equilibrium constant of an electrochemical cells redox reaction can be calculated using the Nernst equation and the relationship between standard cell potential and free energy. This example problem shows how to find the equilibrium constant of a cells redox reaction. Problem The following two half-reactions are used to form an electrochemical cell:Oxidation:SO2(g) 2 H20(â„“) → SO4-(aq) 4 H(aq) 2 e-  Ã‚  E °ox -0.20 VReduction:Cr2O72-(aq) 14 H(aq) 6 e- → 2 Cr3(aq) 7 H2O(â„“)  Ã‚  E °red 1.33 VWhat is the equilibrium constant of the combined cell reaction at 25 C? Solution Step 1: Combine and balance the two half-reactions. The oxidation half-reaction produces 2 electrons and the reduction half-reaction needs 6 electrons. To balance the charge, the oxidation reaction must be multiplied by a factor of 3.3 SO2(g) 6 H20(â„“) → 3 SO4-(aq) 12 H(aq) 6 e- Cr2O72-(aq) 14 H(aq) 6 e- → 2 Cr3(aq) 7 H2O(â„“)3 SO2(g) Cr2O72-(aq) 2 H(aq) → 3 SO4-(aq) 2 Cr3(aq) H2O(â„“)By balancing the equation, we now know the total number of electrons exchanged in the reaction. This reaction exchanged six electrons. Step 2: Calculate the cell potential.This electrochemical cell EMF example problem shows how to calculate cell potential of a cell from standard reduction potentials.**E °cell E °ox E °redE °cell -0.20 V 1.33 VE °cell 1.13 VStep 3: Find the equilibrium constant, K.When a reaction is at equilibrium, the change in free energy is equal to zero. The change in free energy of an electrochemical cell is related to the cell potential of the equation:ΔG -nFEcellwhereΔG is the free energy of the reactionn is the number of moles of electrons exchanged in the reactionF is Faradays constant (96484.56 C/mol)E is the cell potential. The cell potential and free energy example shows how to calculate free energy of a redox reaction.If ΔG 0:, solve for Ecell0 -nFEcellEcell 0 VThis means, at equilibrium, the potential of the cell is zero. The reaction progresses forward and backward at the same rate, meaning there is no net electron flow. With no electron flow, there is no current and the potential is equal to zero.Now there is enough information known to use the Nernst equation to find the equilibrium constant.The Nernst equation is:Ecell E °cell - (RT/nF) x log10QwhereEcell is the cell potentialE °cell refers to standard cell potentialR is the gas constant (8.3145 J/mol ·K)T is the absolute temperaturen is the number of moles of electrons transferred by the cells reactionF is Faradays constant (96484.56 C/mol)Q is the reaction quotient**The Nernst equation example problem shows how to use the Nernst equation to calculate cell potential of a non-standard cell.**At equilibrium, the reaction quotient Q i s the equilibrium constant, K. This makes the equation:Ecell E °cell - (RT/nF) x log10KFrom above, we know the following:Ecell 0 VE °cell 1.13 VR 8.3145 J/mol ·KT 25 degC 298.15 KF 96484.56 C/moln 6 (six electrons are transferred in the reaction)Solve for K:0 1.13 V - [(8.3145 J/mol ·K x 298.15 K)/(6 x 96484.56 C/mol)]log10K-1.13 V - (0.004 V)log10Klog10K 282.5K 10282.5K 10282.5 100.5 x 10282K 3.16 x 10282Answer:The equilibrium constant of the cells redox reaction is 3.16 x 10282.

Analysis of the Personality Traits of Steve Jobs

Steve Jobs is arguably one of the most successful CEOs of our times. In his time at Apple and Pixar he has redefined business across the Computing, Music and Mobile communications industries. In spite of being a college dropout he has gone on to become a technology and a business icon. His ability to achieve extraordinary success against tremendous odds makes him an extremely interesting personality to study. Following are his key personality traits. 1)Charismatic Charisma refers to the ability of a person to be able to mesmerise and hold the attention of others. Steve Jobs has charisma in ample abundance. His talks at the annual Macworld Expo have an attendance akin to that of a rock concert. People from all over the world flock in to listen to him for hours together as he delivers his famed talks on technology, innovation and Apple products. 2)Ingenious Ingenious is a rare personality trait that enables an individual to be clever, original and innovative. Prior to the launch of the iPod, the entire industry was looking at desktop publishing and the internet as new sources of revenue. Steve Jobs however was among the few who realised that there was latent demand in the MP3 player segment. He followed up on his insight by launching an iPod which had extremely innovative functions and a unique design. The product captured the attention of the world and along with his other innovation iTunes went on to change the way the world listens to music. Quite clearly he is an ingenious person. 3)Persistent Persistence is the ability of a person to stick to his convictions in spite of huge obstacles. With regard to this an early manager of his had commented that Steve never takes â€Å"no† for an answer For him â€Å"no† is only a comma and never a full stop. He will keep coming back till his objective is achieved. Years later his persistence was in ample display as he stubbornly stood his ground against internal opposition to his unconventional plan to turnaround Apple. 4)Unempathetic Empathy is the ability of an individual to understand Steve Jobs is known for pushing his employees to extreme limits. He is known for firing his employees often in an erratic fashion. This shows that he is unempathetic to people around him.

Case study-Intel Corp Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

-Intel Corp - Case Study Example The stakeholders of a company are the people who have a key stake in its operations or are affected by its activities. As such, it can be seen that the key stakeholders for Intel are many and these include the workers who work for the company. These people are responsible for performing the actual tasks in the organization. The management as well as other executive people in the company are also key stakeholders since they are responsible for controlling the activities taking place in the company. The clients of Intel are also major stakeholders since they contribute to its performance. The suppliers who provide the material used by Intel are also key stakeholders. The Company also distributes its products through different agents and these are also stakeholders for the organization. 2. Consumerisation of IT (CoIT) refers to the process where consumer technology is adopted for business purposes. For instance, it can be seen that mobile technology that is specifically meant for commun ication purposes among different individuals is now being used for conducting different types of business. Instead of just using communication technology for social communication purposes, most organizations are encouraging their employees to adopt this technology in their operations so that they improve their efficiency at work. If carefully harnessed, CoIT can significantly contribute to the performance of the company. If the employees are competent in the use of IT, they can improve productivity in the organization since they can process information at a faster rate. Basically, the use of IT in an organization is faster than information that is manually processed. CoIT also helps the employees to be innovative since they can devise new methods of performing their tasks at a faster rate. Data can be customised to suit the interests of the people involved such as the employees in the organization. The other benefit of CoIT to the organization is that it can easily link with the con sumers since they can also use different social media and applications to do business with the company. However, the risk that may be involved is that the hackers can take advantage of this to hack into other people’s accounts to steal their information. 3. Bring your own device (BYOD) should be encouraged at Intel. There are various aspects that ought to be taken into account when implementing this particular strategy in the organization. First and foremost, it must be noted that we are now living in an information society and most if not all aspects of business are now conducted through the use of information and communication technology (ICT) such as the internet. The internet is a network of computers that are linked and information can be instantly passed from one person to the other instantly regardless of distance. In the case of Intel, it can be seen that the company ought to carefully harness this strategy since it can help to improve efficiency with regards to the w ay the employees perform their tasks. Employees who perform tasks related to information processing and communication in the company should be encouraged to work from their homes using their own devices. If the employees are settled in one place, they are likely to be very productive in their work since they do not waste much of their time travelling to their workplaces. The strategy of BYOD can also help to create a sense of responsibility

Strategy As Simple Rules (Yahoo) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategy As Simple Rules (Yahoo) - Essay Example Major local and multinational companies have been distinguished from each other, based on the strategies they use in their corporate operations and organization. In the case of Yahoo! as a case study, a lot can be said about the company’s identity in terms of its strategic management options and principles. Studies have actually showed that a lot of Yahoo!’s success since its establishment in 1994 can be attributed to the type of strategy that the company uses. In the option of Eisenhardt and Sull (2007), Yahoo! uses what is referred to as strategy as simple rules. The ideal behind this model of strategic management is to make good use of one’s opportunities on the market rather than pin one’s self to stringent book principles on strategies (Turner, 2002). In this essay therefore, four key areas or aspects of strategy as simple rules are outlined from the Yahoo! perspective. The first key point touches on zeroing in on key processes whiles the second key p oint is on simple rules for unpredictable markets. The third key point will elaborate the subject of what simple rules are not whiles the last key point delves into knowing when to change. The essay will be concluded with a summary and recommendation for Yahoo!’s implementation. ... What strategy as simple rules rather does for managers is that it helps them â€Å"pick a small number of strategically significant processes and craft a few simple rules to guide it† (Eisenhardt and Sull, 2007, p. 10). In effect, to zero in on key processes means to use processes as a means to get to the end, which has to do with the setting of rules. Even with this, the processes that will be picked must not be judged from its quantitative basis but on how quality and significant they are to achieving the corporate dream. Quite significantly, a number of companies including Yahoo! has zeroed in on key processes to ensure the creation of competitive advantage for themselves. At Yahoo! for instance, it is reported of how managers zeroed in on key processes by giving emphasis to branding and product innovation, where a four-point product innovation rule was set (Eisenhardt and Sull, 2007). Normally, the advantage with this approach have having fewer but highly significant proce sses to deal with is that it helps the company to keep focus of its strategic processes so as to ensure closer monitoring of these processes (Hammer and Champy, 2005). The realistic success that Yahoo! recorded when it introduced its four product innovation rules and gave much room for its developers to operate was that this product innovation that was not backed with many processes led to the creation of a new sport page, which had over 100,000 hits in only 48 hours (Eisenhardt and Sull, 2007). This is indeed a justification on the need to always find a means to zero in on key processes. Simple Rules for Unpredictable Markets Strategy as simple rules may have worked in several instances but its propagators insist that the need to constantly identify the best circumstances under which

Online information system Essay Example for Free

Online information system Essay

Comparing and Contrasting High School Teachers and College Professors E

Most people see teachers and professors in the same light. They perform similar tasks. They teach. However, they are separated by a fine line of distinction. High school teachers help a student build a foundation of knowledge, and train the student to focus on learning. College professors help to shape and define a student’s foundation of knowledge, and challenge the student to cultivate the mind. High school teachers and college professors have similar goals and guidelines, but they take a differing approach to achieving the end result. The way the class is conducted, academic expectations, and view of student responsibility are a few of the contrasts between high school teachers and college professors. A high school class and a college class are conducted in different ways. In high school, teachers exercise control over the flow of information, while college professors encourage the student to seek out pertinent information. Throughout the year, a high school teacher will remind the student of upcoming due dates and assignment requirements. If a student misses a test or homework assignment, the teacher will provide missing notes or study guides so that the student is kept up to date with the rest of the class. For example; when I was in high school, I missed a week of school to go on vacation with my family. My mother spoke with my teacher before we left and he agreed to let me turn in my homework when I returned to class. Furthermore, my teacher allowed me to make up the single quiz that I missed during my absence. Neither the late homework, nor the missed quiz reflected in my grade. A college professor would have made me choose between a good grade and a vacation with my family. In contrast, the college professor... ...udent to monitor their own progress and find solutions to problems as they arise. A college professor will not listen to excuses, nor will the consequences of failure be withheld. For example; I failed a math final by a mere six points, but the rules dictate that a c minus is not passing. It was my responsibility to realize that I needed help with math before I took that final. I had to face the consequences and take the course again. A high school teacher provides a foundation of knowledge in preparation for the higher expectations of college. The college professor works to encourage independent learning, critical thinking, and self reliance. High school teachers and college professors may have differing points of view, but both affect the world as a whole. Henry Adams once said â€Å"A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops.’

Boomerang Michael Lewis

He calls it the new third world because the region took a step backwards by falling into huge amounts of debt followed by riots and governmental collapse in places like Greece. There are many lessons the reader can learn from this book as long as the reader reads it with a grain Of salt and does get lost in the excessive use Of stereotypes and racial remarks that Lewis makes. Each statement he makes in the book is vital to make a correlation further on to show how culture relates to politics and economics. The most astounding cultural impact I noticed in the book hat led to bad economic decisions was that of Germany.Lewis mentions on page 137 that the German people liked to be near sit but not in it. He relates this to the reader after mentioning his visit to the German red light district of Hamburg. Lewis asserts the claims that the German people are infatuated with dirt, filth, sit, and are open in their discussion on this topic. However when you look at Germany and its financial s tatus it is fairly stable worldwide and is one of the strongest economies in Europe. It is the foundation for the European Union banking system since the Bundestag had the strongest uncial system.Germany ended up being the nation that let others borrow money and Germany also houses the offices of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt. On page 145 Lewis mentions that the majority of Europe was indulging itself with loans in order to buy things that the people really didn't need. On a side note, nations tend to pick up both good and bad qualities from each other and this quality of excessive spending in a time where you don't need or have the financial means is a bad habit that Europe picked up from America.However the German people did not indulge in eying things they could not afford even though they gave loans to others who used the German's credit rating to buy expensive cars and real-estate as you saw in Iceland and Ireland. This goes back to the cultural obsession with filth; t hey were near the credit disaster but never partook in it personally. The credit boom never existed in Germany because of Germany's past. Germany was a nation which fell into hyperinflation post world war two and during that period it cost millions to buy a loaf of bread.With that past history in mind the German people has always been frugal with their money and expect the politicians to do the same. That is why any politician regardless to what party they are from will not get elected in Germany if they are not fiscally responsible. The German people will not vote for them because these values from their past have now been ingrained into their culture and have become part of their identity. That is different than over here in America where different parties have different approaches on government spending, investing and often end in stalemate or disagreement.Yet in this instance the German people gave in to the temptation and allowed their gibbers to get dirty while they stood by a nd watched. The German bank gave money to Irish real-estate barons, to Icelandic banking tycoons, American supreme borrowers etc†¦ The total losses that the German banks lost are still being added up but the book mentions that they lost 21 billion due to Iceland, 100 billion due to Ireland, 60 billion to American and billions more still needed to be totaled in Greek bonds. That means even though the German people tried to stay clean in the end the mess ended up in their laps.So while other countries misbehaved with German money the German people thought their bankers where making sane choices by giving the money in the first place. They believed that they were going to make more money for Germany and further their nation towards prosperity but instead they furthered their nation in debt. At the end Of the financial disaster Germany ended being one of the most affected nations even though its citizens and politicians didn't buy any luxurious items or invest in crazy schemes.The fact that the Germans had the strongest financial system led to their downfall since they had to put in the largest amount of money onto the European Union Rescue Fund. The money they put in the fund would for example go to the Irish government who would give that money to Irish banks who would give it to right back to the German banks for defaulted loans and interest payments. So Germany was giving itself money in a cycle that was not alleviating the root of the problem and was further perpetuating a cycle of debt.Sassy see currently in Greece with new austerity measures being debated on daily, the German people are sick of bailing out every nation for their mistakes. On the contrary if the German banks never gave those loans in the first place than places like Ireland and Iceland would have never defaulted. The fact that the German people gave money away in the first place started the problem. The more countries got loans the more other countries wanted to get in on a piece of the action.So while Germany thought it was making smart decisions with safe returns it created a monster which was going to come back and be a burden for the very system which created it. Besides the cultural aspect of the whole situation the fact that Germany was a ember of the European union also led to its demise in regards to the economic aspect of the nation. This is because when the European Union was created it had certain benchmarks other nations would have to measure up to if they wanted to get accepted into the Union.Many of these nations like Greece who had failing economies lied and falsified documents to inflate their Gap's and interest rates. All this led to a false sense of security when nations got accepted because while politicians thought the Union was getting stronger it was in reality rotting from within. The old idiom says that you are only as strong as your weakest link and in this case the European Union had a few too many weak links. The politicians all put up f acades and made their economies appear as ferocious lions when in reality they were just cowardly cats trying to milk the cash cow which is the German banks.The only reason the German people agreed to all of this is because they still feel that they have to be accepted as a people and atone for the war crimes of their predecessors and past regimes. This act of kindness by the German nation as taken for granted and led them straight into a trap which decimated their financial security. The nations of Greece, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, and others became parasites who wanted more and more money expecting Germany to save them.This parasite- host relation is one that the German people might have to consider cutting off and simply let the European Union fail and let nations and banks go into default. Being someone who prefers limited involvement in economics like Adam Smith's invisible hand, it is time for Germany to put its invisibility cloak back on and disappear into the shadows. If Germ any continues down the same path it is On and tries to appease all the nation of Europe by giving out money it will eventually see the filth that currently occupies the streets of the new third world seep over into German soil.In this globalize world Germany needs to take a greater stand and do what's best for its sovereignty. Germany needs to remove itself from the European Union and in doing so it will cause the collapse of many nations in the region so while this suggestion sounds harsh it is in the best interest for the German people. Yet if Germany wants to remain and be the savior for the EX. it has to take a greater charge and demand that its conditions be met since Germany is the one with the money.Germany can fix the situation by trying to reduce the interest rates on the loans and try to get the borrowing nation to simply pay back the capital amount before them many any further investments in their own nation. This would lead to stagnation of many European nations because it will take them many years to pay back the billions they have lost. In doing this the GAP and growth rates of those actions will not move while Germany will be able to acquire money that belongs to it.

Political Philosophy and M.a. Public Administration Essay

I. Greek  Political  Thought   Plato:  Justice,  Ideal  State   Aristotle:  Theory  of  the  State,  Revolutions II. Medieval  and  Early  Modern  Political  Thought   Church  and  the  State:  St. Augustine   Marsilio  of  Padua   Nicolo  Machiavelli:  State  and  Statecraft I. Social  Contract  Theory   Thomas  Hobbes:  Human  Nature,  Sovereignty   John  Locke:  Theory  of  Property,  Consent  and  Government   J. J. Rousseau:  Popular  Sovereignty II. Idealism   Immanuel  Kant:  Ethics  and  Politics   G. W. F. Hegel:  State  and  Civil  Society   T. H. Green:  Theory  of  Rights. Recommended  Books:   Sukhbir  Singh,  History  of  Political  Thought   G. H. Sabine,  A  History  of  Political  Theory V. Krishna  Rao,  Paschatya  Rajaniti  Tatvavicharamu  (in  Telugu)   John  Plamenatz,  Man  and  Society   Ernest  Barker, The  Political  Thought  of  Plato  and  Aristotle   C. B. Macpherson,  The  Political  Theory  of  Possessive  Individualism M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   students  with  effect  from  the  Ã‚  academic  year  2002 ­03)   PAPER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  II:  ADMINISTRATIVE  THEORY  (Classical). Unit  I. a). Introduction:  Public  Administration  ­Ã‚  Meaning,  Scope  and  Significance. b). Woodrow  Wilson:  Politics  and  Administration  dichotomy. Unit  II. a). Henri  Fayol:  Functionalism   b). F. W. Taylor:  Scientific  Management  Theory   Unit  III:  a). Luther  Gulick  and  Lyndal  Urwick:  Administrative  Management  Theory. b). Max  Weber  :  Bureaucratic  Model. Unit  IV:  a). Mary  Parker  Follet:  Conflict  Resolution   b). Chester  Barnard:  Neo ­Classical  Model Readings: 1. Prasad  R  and  Others(eds)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Administrative  Thinkers,  (Telugu  /  English)   nd   2   Edition,  Sterling,  New  Delhi. 2. S. P. Naidu  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Public  Administration:  Theories  and  Concepts,   New   Age   International   Publications,   Hyderabad,   1996. 3. Hoshiar  Singh  &  Pradeep   Sachdeva  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Administrative  Theory,  Kitab  Mahal,   New  Delhi,  1999. 4. Fred  Luthans  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Organisational  Behaviour. Students   are   required   to   consult   relevant   articles   from   journals   relating   to   public   administration  especially  the  Indian  Journal  of  Public  Administration M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I   (Common  for  both  Ã‚  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   students  with  effect  from the  Ã‚  academic  year  2002 ­03)   PAPER  III:  INDIAN  CONSTITUTION UNIT  Ã‚  I  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (a)  Making  of  the  Indian  Constitution –  Basic  Foundations  of  Indian   Constitution   (b)  Salient  Features  Ã‚  of  Indian  Constitution UNIT  II  :  Ã‚  (a)  Ã‚  Fundamental  Rights  and  Directive  Principles  of  State  Policy   (b)  Centre  ­ State  Relations UNIT  III  :  Ã‚  (a)  Ã‚  Union  Government  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Parliament,  President,  Prime  Minister   and  Cabinet   (b)   Supreme  Court  and  Judicial  Review. UNIT  IV  :   (a)  Ã‚  Provisions  for  the  Welfare  of  Weaker  Sections   (b)   Reviewing  of  the  Constitution –  Sarkaria  Ã‚  Commission   and  Constitutional  Review  Commission Reference  Books:   1. Granville  Austin    ­Ã‚   The  Indian  Constitution –  Corner  Stone  of  the   Nation   2. D. D. Basu    ­Ã‚   Introduction  to  the  Constitution  of  India   3. Morris ­Jones,  W. H.  ­Ã‚   The  Government  and  Politics  of  India   4. Kothari,  R    ­Ã‚   Politics  in  India   5. V. D. Mahajan    ­Ã‚   Indian  Constitution   6. J. C. Johari    ­Ã‚   Indian  Constitution M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   students  with  effect  from  the  Ã‚  academic  year  2002 ­03)   PAPER  IV:  Ã‚  GOVERNMENT  AND  POLITICS  IN  ANDHRA  PRADESH UNIT  I:   a). Approaches  to  the  Study  of  State  Government  and  Politics. b). Political  History of  the  State ­Formation  of  Andhra  Pradesh. UNIT  II:   a)  Constitutional  Structures   b)  Political  Parties   UNIT  III:  a). Sub ­Regional  Movements:  Separate  Telangana  Movement  and  Jai  And hara   Movement. b). Peasant  Movements:  Telangana  Armed  Struggle  and  Naxalite  Movement. UNIT  IV:  a). Public  Sector  and  Politics  of  Subsidy   b). Liberalization. BOOKS  RECOMMENDED: 1. Myron  Weiner  (ed. )   2. Iqbal  Narain   3. Reddy  &  Sharma(eds. )   4. V. Hanumantha  Rao   5. K. V. Narayana  Rao   6. Sri  Prakash   7. S. C. Kashyap   8. Ashok  Sen   9. Babulal  Fadia   10. B. A. V. Sharma   11. Barry  Pavier   12. G. Ram  Reddy State  Politics  in  India.  ­Ã‚  State  Politics  in India.  ­State   Government   &   Politics   in   A. P. .    ­Ã‚  Party  Politics  in  Andhra  Pradesh.  ­Ã‚  Emergence  of  Andhra  Pradesh.  ­Ã‚  State  Governors  in  India.  ­Ã‚   Politics   of   Defections:   A   Study   of   State   Politics   in   India.  ­Ã‚  Role  of  Governors  in  the  Emerging  Patterns  of   Center ­ State  Relations  in  India.  ­Ã‚  State  Politics  in  India.  ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  India.  ­Ã‚  Telangana  Movement  1944 ­51.  ­Panchayati  Raj  and  Rural  Development  in  A. P M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   students  with  effect  from  the  Ã‚  academic  year  2002 ­03) PAPER  V  a  (OPTIONAL):  POLITICAL  INSTITUTIONS  AND  IDEAS  IN  ANCIENT  INDIA UNIT  Ã‚  Ã‚  I:   Political  Ideas  in  the  early  period   a)  Samhitas  and  Brahmanas   b)  Principal  Upanishads. UNIT  Ã‚  II:   Political  ideas  in  Dharmasastras   a)  Apatstambha,  Yagnovalkya  and  Manu. b)  Mahabharata. UNIT  III:  Political  Ideas  in  Anti  ­Ã‚  Vedic  Literature. a)  Early  Buddhist  Literature. b)  Early  Jain  Literature. UNIT  IV:   Technical  Works  on  Polity. a)   Predecessors  of  Kautilya. b)   Kautilya’s  Arthasastra. BOOOKS  REOMMENDED:   1. Cambridge  History  of  India,  vol. I. 2. Ghoshal   3. Jayaswal   4. Rangaswami  Aiyanagar   5. Bandopadhyaya   6. Kane,  P. V. 7. D. Machenzie  Brown   8. Spellman   9. Altaker,  A. S. 10. Saletore,  B. A. History  of  Hindu  Political  Theory    ­Ã‚  Hindu  Polity    ­Ã‚  Rajadharma    ­Ã‚  Development  of  Hindu  Political  Theories     History  of  Dharma  Sastra,  Vol. III    ­Ã‚  The  White  Umbrella    ­Ã‚  The  Political  Theory  of  Ancient  India    ­Ã‚  State  and  Government  in  Ancient  India    ­Ã‚  Ancient  Indian  Political  Thought  and  Institutions M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   Students  with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03)   PAPER  V  b  (OPTIONAL):  WOMEN  AND  POLITICS   Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I:   THEORITICAL  APPROACHES   i)   Political  Phil   ii)   osophers  on  Women:  Plato,  Aristotle  Rousseau,   J. S. Mill  and  Karl  Marx   iii)   Liberal  and  Radical  Approaches   iv)   Mary  Woolstone  Craft  and  Simon  de  Beauvoir   WOMEN  AND  THE  INDIAN  STATE   i)   Indian  Constitution  and  Women   ii)   Committee  on  the  Status  of  Women  ­Ã‚  1975   iii)   National  Policies  on  Women   WOMEN  AND  POLITICAL  PARTICIPATION   i)   Women  and  Nationalist  Movement   ii)   Women’s  Electoral  Participation  ­Ã‚  Trends  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  National  and  State   iii)   Women’s  Movement  in  India  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Perspectives  and  Strategies   RESERVATION  Ã‚ ­ THE  EXPERIENCE  OF  PANCHAYATI  RAJ   i)   The  Debate  on  Women’s  Reservation   rd   th   ii)   73   and  74   Constitutional  Amendments   iii)   Lessons  from  the  Experience. Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  II: Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III: Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  IV: READING  LIST:   1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Charvet  John,  Feminism  ­Ã‚  Modern  Ideologies  Series,  J. M. Devt  &  Sons  London,  1982   Eva  Figes,  Patriarchal  Attitudes  Women  in  Society,  New  Delhi:  Macmillan,  1985 .   Agnew  Vijay, Elite  Women  in  Indian  Politics,  Vikas,  New  Delhi,  1979. Susheela  Kaushik, (ed. ),  Women’s  Participation  in  Politics. Diana  Coole,  Women  in  Political  Theory. Simon  de  Beauvoir,  The  Second  Sex. Vicky  Randall  :  Women  and  Politics,  Macmillan,  London,  1982. Government  of  India,   Ministry  of  Education  and   Social   Welfare:  Towards  Equality:   Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Status  of  Women,  New  Delhi,  1974. 9. Geraldine  Forbes:  Women  in  Modern  India,  New  Delhi,  Cambridge  University  Press,   1996. 10. Veena  Mazumdar  (ed. )  ,  Symbols  of  Power. 11. Issues  of  Panchayati  Raj  ­Ã‚  Update  ­ Institute  of  Social  Sciences,  New  Delhi. OLD M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   Students  with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2006 ­07)   PAPER  V  b  (OPTIONAL):  WOMEN  AND  POLITICS   Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I:   THEORITICAL  APPROACHES   i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient  Political  Philosophers  on  Women –  Plato,  Aristotle   Rousseau. ii)   Modern  Liberal  Thinkers: ­Ã‚   Mary  Woostonecraft,  J. S. Mill   iii)   Radial  thinkers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Karl  Marx  and  Angels,  Simon  de  Beauboir,   Kate  Millet. WOMEN  AND  THE  INDIAN  STATE   i)   Indian  Constitution  and  Women   ii)   Committee  on  the  Status  of  Women  ­Ã‚  1975   iii)   National  Policies  on  Women –  1988  and  2001. WOMEN  AND  POLITICAL  PARTICIPATION   i)   Women  and  Nationalist  Movement   ii)   Women’s  Electoral  Participation  ­Ã‚  Trends  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  National  and  State   iii)   Women’s  Movement  in  India  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Perspectives  and  Strategies   RESERVATION  Ã‚ ­ THE  EXPERIENCE  IN  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT   i)The  Debate  on  Women’s  Reservation   rd   th   ii)   73   and  74   Constitutional  Amendments   iii)   Women’s  Political  participation –  problems  and  prospects. Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  II: Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III: Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  IV: READING  LIST:   1. Charvet  John,  Feminism  ­Ã‚  Modern  Ideologies  Series,  J. M. Devt  &  Sons  London,   1982   2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eva  Figes,  Patriarchal  Attitudes  Women  in  Society,  New  Delhi:  Macmillan,  1985. 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Agnew  Vijay,  Elite  Women  in  Indian  Politics,  Vikas,  New  Delhi,  1979. 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Susheela  Kaushik,  (ed. ),  Women’s  Participation  in  Politics. 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diana  Coole,  Women  in  Political  Theory. 6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Simon  de  Beauvoir,  The  Second  Sex. 7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vicky  Randall  :  Women  and  Politics,  Macmillan,  London,  1982. 8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government  of  India,  Ministry  of  Education  and  Social  Welfare:  Towards  Equality:   Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Status  of  Women,  New  Delhi,  1974. 9  Geraldine  Forbes:  Women  in  Modern  India,  New  Delhi,  Cambridge  University  Press,   1996. 10  Veena  Mazumdar  (ed. )  ,  Symbols  of  Power. 11. Issues  of  Panchayati  Raj  ­Ã‚  UPDATE  Ã‚ ­ Institute  of  Social  Sciences,  New  Delhi. M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (FROM  THE  ACADEMIC  YEAR  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I  COMPARATIVE  PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   UNIT ­I:   COMPARATIVE   PUBLIC   ADMINISTRATION   –   HISTORY   AND   CONCEPT   1. Evolution  of  Comparative  Public  Administration –  Comparative   Administration  Group  (CAG)   2. Definition,   Scope   and   Importance   of   Comparative   Public   Administration   3. Comparative  Elements  in  Earlier  Administrative  Theory. UNIT    ­ II  Ã‚  Ã‚  ? MODELS  IN  COMPARATIVE  PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   1. Bureaucratic  Model   2. Ecological  Model   3. Administrative  Systems  Model   UNIT    ­III  Ã‚  :   COMPARATIVE  ADMINISTRATIVE  SYSTEMS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . 1. Administrative  Systems  of  Developed  Nations  :  USA  and  UK   2. Administrative  Systems  of  Developing  Countries   3. Administrative  Systems  of  Communist  States   UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ IV  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  COMPARATIVE  PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION  :  RECENT  TRENDS   1. International  Administration   2. Global  Public  Administration   3. Comparative  Public  Administration:  Decline  and  Revival. Reference  Books:   Ferrel  Heady  :  Public  Administration  :  A  Comparative  Perspective   R. K. Arora  :  Comparative  Public  Administration  :  An  Ecological  Perspective   Viswanathan  :  Comparative  Public  Administration   T. N. Chaturvedi  and  V. P. Verma  (eds. )  : Comparative  Public  Administration   Ali  Farazmand  :  Handbook  of  Comparative  and  Development  Administration   Jean ­Claude   Gareia ­Zamor   and   Renu   Khator:      Public   Administration   in   the   Global   Village   7. C. V. Raghavulu   and   M. Bapuji   :   Tulanatmaka   Prabhutva   Palana,   Telugu   Academy   (in  Telugu) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã‚  II:  Ã‚  PUBLIC  PERSONNEL  ADMINISTRATION. Unit  Ã‚  I:   1. Introduction  to  Public  Personnel  Administration:  Ã‚  Meaning,  Definition   Scope  and  Significance. 2. Public  Service:   Concept  and  Role  in  Modern  State. Unit  Ã‚  II:   1. Recruitment:  Ã‚  Recruitment  and  Selection  Process,  Recruitment  Policy,   Recruitment  Methods,  Induction  and  Placement. 2. Classification:  Ã‚  Classification  of  Services:  Ã‚  Role  Classification   and  Position  Classification. Unit  Ã‚  III:   1. Man  Power  Planning/Human  Resource  Planning:   Meaning   Importance,  Supply  and  Demand  Forecast. 2. Career  Planning:  Ã‚  Meaning  and  Process,  Job  Enrichment  and   Capacity  Building. Unit  Ã‚  IV:   1. Pay  and  Service  Conditions:  Ã‚  Pay  Principles,  Pay  Determination   And  Pay  Commissions. 2. Discipline:  Ã‚  Conduct,  Discipline  and  Supeannuation. Reference  Books:   1. Glenn  O. Sthal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public  Personnel  Administration   2. Felix  A. Nigro  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public  Personnel  Administration   3. Pfiffner  and  Presthus  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public  Administration 4. S. R. Maheswari  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Indian  Administration   5. Avasthi  and  Maheswari  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public  Administration   6. Ramesh  K. Arora  and  Rajni  Goyal  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Indian  Public  Administration   7. Report  of  Administrative  Reforms  Commission  on  Personnel  Administration M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III:  INDIAN  ADMINISTRATION   Unit  Ã‚  Ã‚  I:  a). The  legacy  of  Indian  Administration  ­Ã‚  Evolution  ­Ã‚  Kautilya  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Moghal   period  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  British  period  and  Constitutional  Framework. b)  . Structure  of  Indian  Administration  :  Prime  Minister’s  role  Ã‚ ­Ã‚   Central  Secretariat  Ã‚ ­ Cabinet  Secretariat  Ã‚ ­ PMO   c). All  India  services  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  UPSC   Unit  Ã‚  II:  Ã‚  State  Administration   a). State  Secretarial  :  Chief  Secretary   State  Services. b). Role  of  District  Collector. c). Planning  Machinery  at  the  State  level  ­Ã‚  District  Planning. Unit  Ã‚  III:  Issues  of  Indian  Bureaucracy   a). Political  Executive  and  Bureaucracy   b). Indian  Bureaucracy:  A  case  for  representatives. c). The  Generalist  and  the  Specialist  in  Indian  Administration. Unit  IV:  a). Administration  of  Planning:  Planning  Commission  and  National   Development  council. b). Centre  Ã‚ ­ State  Administrative  Relations. c). People’s  Participation  in  Grassroots  Development  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Janma  Bhoomi  ­Ã‚   Micro ­Planning. Unit  V:  a). Citizen ­Ã‚  Administration  ­Ã‚  Redressal  of  Citizens’  Grievances  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Lokpal  and   Lokayukta  in  Andhra  Pradesh. b). Corruption  in  Indian  Public  Life  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Role  of  Central  Vigilance  Commission. c). Administrative  Reforms  and  innovations  in  India. Readings:   1. Ramesh  k. Arora  and  Rajni  Goyal   :  Indian  Public  Administration,   Wishwa  Prakashan,  New  Delhi,  1995. 2. Hoshiar  Singh  and  Mohinder  singh:  Public  Administration  in  India,  Sterling,   New  Delhi,  1995. 3. Hoshiar  Singh   :  Indian  Administration   4. R. B. Jain   :  Contemporary  issues  in  Indian   Administration,  Vishal,  Delhi,  1976. 5. Haridwar  Rai  and  S. P. Singh   :  Current  Ideas  and  issues  in  Public   Administration,   th   6. S. R. Maheswari   :  Indian  Administration  (5   Edition)   7. J. C. Johari   :  Indian  Political  System. 8. Hariharadas   :  Political  System  of  India. Students  are  required  to  consult  relevant  articles   from   journals  relating  to  public   administration  especially  the  Indian  Journal  of  Public  Administration M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  IV  Ã‚  PANCHAYATI  RAJ  IN  INDIA UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION   1. Definition,  Scope  and  Importance  of  Local  ­Ã‚  Self  Government. 2. History  of  Rural  Local –  Self  Government  in  India  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Ancient,  Medieval   and  British  Periods. UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  PANCHAYATI  RAJ  SYSTEM  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ NATIONAL  PERSPECTIVE   rd   Genesis  and  Development  of  Panchayati  Raj –  Significance  of  73   Constitutional  Ã‚  Amendment  Act   2. Board  Pattern  of  Panchayati  Raj  System –  Structure  and  Function   1. UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  PANCHAYATI  RAJ  SYSTEM  IN  ANDHRA  PRADESH   1. Important  Ã‚  Features  of  the  A. P. Panchayati  Raj  Act  of  1994. 2. Functioning  of  Panchayati  Raj  Institutions. UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  IV  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  PANCHAYATI  RAJ  SYSTEM:  IMPORTANT  AREAS   1. Panchayati  Raj  Finances  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Role  of  State  Finance  Commission   2. Panchayati Raj –  State  Relations Reference  Books:   1. S. R. Maheswari  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Local  Government  in  India   2. G. Ram  Reddy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patterns  of  Pancharati  Raj. 3. B. S. Khanna  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Panchayati  Raj   in  India   4. M. Bapuji   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tulanaatmaka  Sthaanika  Prabhutwalu   (Comparative  Local  Governments)  in  Telugu,  Telugu M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  V. a  (Optional)  POLICE  ADMINISTRATION UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION   1. Nature  and  Importance  Police  Administration   2. Origin  and  Growth  of  Police  Administration  Ã‚  in  India   3. Police  Administration  in  Andhra  Pradesh:  Salient  Features. UNIT    ­Ã‚  11  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  STRUCTURE  OF  POLICE  ADMINISTRATION   1. Police  Administration  at  Central  Level   2. Police  Administration  at  State  and  District  Levels   3. Police  Administration  at  Cutting  Edge. UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  HUMAN  RESOURCE  ASPECTS  OF  POLICE  ADMINISTRATION   1. Recruitment  and  Training   2. Morale  and  Motivation   3. Police  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Code  of  Conduct  and  Disciplinary  Rules. UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  IV  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  SOME  IMPORTANT  ISSUES   1. Public  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Police  Relations   2. Reforms  in  Police  Administration   3. Police  and  Trade  Union  Rights Reference  Books:   1. R. K. Bhardwaj  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Indian  Police  Administration   2. Girija  Shah  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Modern  Police  Administration   3. S. Sen  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Police  in  Democratic  State   4. J. Singh  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Inside  Indian  Police   5. Favrean,  Donald   and  Gillespic,  Joseph  E. ,  Modern  Police  Administration M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  V. b(Optional)  SOCIAL  WELFARE  Ã‚  ADMINISTRATION UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  1  :  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION   1. Concepts  of  Welfare  and  Social  Welfare   2. Meaning,  Scope  and  Importance  of  Social  Welfare  Administration   UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II  :  Ã‚  SOCIAL  WELFARE  ADMINISTRATION  IN  INDIA   1. Social  Welfare  Ã‚  Policies  of  Government  of  India   2. Structure   of   Social   Welfare   Administration   at   the   Centre,   State   and   District  levels   UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III  :  Ã‚  WELFARE  SCHEMES  AND  PROGRAMMES  CONCERNING   1. Scheduled  Castes  and  Scheduled  Tribes   2. Women  and  Children   UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  IV  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  AGENCIES  OF  SOCIAL  WELFARE   1. Governmental  Agencies   2. Non ­Governmental  Agencies. Reference  Books:   1. T. S. Simey   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Principles  of  Social  Administration   2. Paul  D. Chowdury   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social  Welfare  Administration  in  India   3. F. W. Reid   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social  Welfare  Administration   4. Walter  A. Forieldlander   :  Ã‚  Introduction  to  Social  Welfare. M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I  Ã‚  COMPARATIVE  Ã‚  POLITICS   UNIT. I  :  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION   1. Meaning,  Nature  and  Scope  of  Comparative  Politics   2. Growth  of  the  Study  of  Comparative  Politics   3. Major  Approaches  to  Comparative  Politics   UNIT. II  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  POLITICAL  DEVELOPMENT  AND  POLITICAL  DEPENDENCY   1. Concept  of  Development  Syndrome  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Lucian  Pye   2. Centre ­Periphery –  Third  World  Perspective   3. Origin  and  Relevance  of  Dependency  Theory   UNIT. III  :  Ã‚  POLITICAL  IDEOLOGY  AND  PARTY  SYSTEMS   1. Political  Ideology:  Meaning,  Nature  and  General  Characteristics   2. Ideologies  of  Liberalism,  Fascism  and  Marxism   3. Nature,  Functions  and  Typology  of  Party  Systems   UNIT. IV  :  Ã‚  CONSTITUTINALISM   1. Meaning  and  Development  of  the  Term   2. Constitutionalism  in  the  West  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ England,  France  and  America   3. Problems  and  Prospects  of Constitutionalism  in  Developing  Countries Reading  List:   1. Gabriel  Almond  and  Bingham  Powell  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Comparative  Politics:  A  Development   Approach   2. Lucian  Pye   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aspects  of  Political  Development   3. J. C. Johari  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Comparative  Politics   4. Howard,  J. Wiarda  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New  Directions  in  Comparative  Politics   5. Mortan R. Davies  &  Vaugham  A. Lewis:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Models  of  Political  System   6. S. N. Ray  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modern  Comparative  Politics   7. Gwendolen  Carter  &  John  H. Herz  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government  and  Politics  in  the  Twentieth   Century   8. Samuel,  H. Beer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modern  Political  Development M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04) PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II  APPROACHES  AND  THEORY  IN  INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS UNIT. I  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction  :  Ã‚  The  Nature  of  International  Relations   b)  Ã‚  Normative  Approaches,  Ã‚  Structuralism  and  Neo ­Realism   UNIT. II  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power,  Influence  and  Authority,  Realistic  Theory   b)   Decision –  Making  Analysis   UNIT. III  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a)   Systems  Approach   b)   Commun ication  Theory   UNIT  . IV  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  a)  Ã‚  Integration  Theory,  Marxist  Perspective   b)   Peace  Research Reference  Books:   1. Bull  H   :   International   Theory:   The   Case   for   Classical   Approach,  World  Politics   2. Knorr,  K,,  &  Rosenau,  J. N. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contending  Approaches  to  International  Politics   3. Clude,  I. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power  and  International  Relations   4. Herz,  J. H. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  International  Politics  in  Atomic  Age   5. Kaplan,  M. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  System  and  Process  in  International  Politics   5. Trevor   Taylor(ed. )                                                                           :         Approaches   and   Theory   in   International   Relations   6. Margot  Light  and  A. J. R. Groom  :  Ã‚  International  Relations  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  A  Handbook  of  Current   Theory M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04)   PAPER  III:  MODERN  POLITICAL  THEORY   Introductory   The  Nature  of  Political  Theory   Influence  of  Positivism  on  Political  Theory   Empirical  Political  Theory   Perspectives  on  the  Modern  State:  Liberal  and  Marxist   Central  Concepts  Related  to  the  Modern  State   Legitimacy:  Legitimation  Crisis  of  the  Modern  State   Rights:  Natural  Rights,  Welfare  Rights   Liberty:  Negative  and  Positive  Liberty? Marxian  Notion  of  Liberty   Justice:  Different  Conceptions   New  Directions   Post  Modernism:  Michel  Foucault  on  Power   Feminist  Perspectives  on  Patriarchy  and  Power   Communitarianism   Issues  and  Ideas  in  Contemporary  Political  Theory End  of  History:  Francis  Fukuyama   Clash  of  Civilizations:  Samuel  Huntington   Third  Way:  Anthony  Giddens   Post ­Liberalism:  John  Gray Recommended  Books:   S. P. Varma,  Modern  Political  Theory   Madan  G. Gandhi,  Modern  Political  Theory   J. C. Johari,  Contemporary  Political  Theory   III. David  Miller,  Social  Justice   Robert  Dahl,  Modern  Political  Analysis   N. Barry,  An  Introduction  to  Modern  Political  Theory   Michael  Freeden,  Rights   Zygmunt  Bauman,  Freedom   David  Held,  Political  Theory  and  the  Modern  State   Andrew  Vincent,  Theories  of  the  State   Vidhu  Varma,  Justice,  Equality  and  Community:  An  Essay  in  Marxist  Theory   Michel  Foucault,  Power/Knowledge   Diana  Coole,  Women  in  Political  Theory   Francis  Fukuyama,  The  End  of  History  and  the  Last  Man   Samuel  J. Huntington,  The  Clash  of  Civilizations  and  the  Remaking  of  World  Order   Anthony  Giddens,  The  Third  Way   John  Gray,  Post ­liberalism:  Studies  in  Political  Thought M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  IV:  MODERN  INDIAN  POLITICAL  THOUGHT UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  1  :  Ã‚  Foundations  Ã‚  of  Modern  Indian  Political  Thought   1. Rammohan  Roy   2. Dayananda  Saraswati   3. Bala  Gangadhara  Tilak   UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II  :  Ã‚  Gandhian  Thought   1. Non ­Ã‚  Violence  and  Satyagraha   2. Relationship  between  Means  and  Ends. 3. Concept  of  State  and  Government. UNIT  Ã‚ ­Ã‚   III  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socialist  and  Humanist  Thought   1. Ram  Manohar  Lohia   2. Jawaharlal  Nehru   3. M. N. Roy   UNIT    ­ IV  :  Ã‚  Problem  of  Minorities  and  Backward  Social  Groups   1. M. A. Jinnah   2. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, General  Readings:   1. Sankar  Ghose  ,  Modern  Indian  Political  Thought   2. O. P. Goyal? Studies  in  Modern  Indian  Political  Thought   3. G. N. Sarma  and  Moin  Shakir,  Politics  and  Society:  Ã‚  Ram  Mohan  Roy  to  Nehru   4. V. P. Varma,  Modern  Indian  Political  Thought Recommended  Readings:   th   1. A. Appadorai,  Indian  Political  Thinking  in  the  20   Century  from  Naoroji  to  Nehru   2. O. P. Goyal,  Contemporary  Indian  Political  Thought   3. A. M. Zaidi,  Encylopaedia  of  Indian  National  Congress  (Students  should  refer   relevant  sections  in  Ã‚  different  Volumes)   4. Bipin  Chandra,  Nationalism  and  Colonialism  in  Modern  India   5. A. R. Desai,  Social  Backward  of  Indian  Nationalism   6. Thomas  Pantham  and  Deutsch,  Modern  Political  Thought  in  India   7. K. P. Karunakaran,  Democracy  in  India M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  V. a  (Optional):  DIPLOMACY   UNIT  Ã‚  I  :   1. The  Nature  and  Origins  of  Modern  Diplomacy. 2. The  Development  of  Diplomatic  Theory   UNIT  Ã‚  II  :  1. The  Transition  from  Old  Diplomacy  to  New  Diplomacy   2. Democratic  Diplomacy   UNIT  Ã‚  III  :  1. Recent  Changes  in  Diplomatic  Practice   2. Points  of  Diplomatic  Procedure   UNIT  Ã‚  IV  :  1. Propaganda  and  Diplomacy   2. Diplomacy  in  the  UN Reference  Books:   1. Bailey,  Sydney  B. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  The  General  Assembly  of  the  United  Nations,  Stevens   2. Bowles,  Chester. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ambassador’s  Report,  NY,  Haper   3. Briggs,  Hebert  W. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  The  Law  of  Nations,  NY,  Appleton ­Century ­Crofts   4. Carr,  E. H. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The  Twenty  Years  of  Crisis,  London,  Macmillan   5. Huddleston  Sisley  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Popular  Diplomacy  and  War,  Peterborough   6. Krishna  Murthy,  G. V. G:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dynamics  of  Diplomacy,  National  Publishing  House,   New  Delhi   7. Nicolson  Harold  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diplomacy,  London,  Oxford  University  Press   8. Plischke,  Elmer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summit  Diplomacy,  Maryland   9. Satow  Sir  Ernest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A  Guide  to  Diplomatic  Practice,  Longmans M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  V  b  (Optional):  POLITICAL  ECONOMY UNIT ­Ã‚  I:   Theories  of  Political  Economy? a)  Classical  Political  Economy  ­Ã‚  Adam  Smith  and  David  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ricardo. b)  Marxian  Political  Economy. UNIT  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  II:  a)  Theories  of  Underdevelopment  Ã‚ ­ A. G. Frank,  Samir  Amin. b)   Liberalization  and  its  Implications  for  National  Economies. UNIT ­Ã‚   III:  a)  Impact  of  Colonial  Rule  on  Indian  Economy. b)  Indian  Economy:  Important  Features. UNIT ­IV:   a)  State  Directed  Economy. b)  Structural  Adjustment. BOOKS  RECOMMENDED:   1. Koxlou,  G. A. 2. Afanasye,  L. 3. Bardan,  Pranab   4. Howard,  M. C. 5. Bagchi,  A. K. 6. Frankel  & Frankel   7. Amartya  Sen   8. Robert  Lucas  and  Gustav   Planack   9. Ranjit  Sau   10. C. T. Kurein   11. D. J. Byres   12. Micheal  Clossudosky   13. Partha  Chatterje   14. B. A. V. Sharma    ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  Socialism    ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  Capitalism    ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  Development  in  India    ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  Marx    ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  Under  Development.  ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  India,  1947 ­77.  ­Ã‚  Commodities  and  Capabilities.  ­Ã‚  Indian  Economy:  Recent  Developments  and  Future  Prospect.  ­Ã‚  Indian  Economic  Development.  ­Ã‚  Globalisation  and  Indian  Economy.  ­Ã‚  The  State  Development  Planning  and  Liberalisation  in  India.  ­Ã‚  The  Globalisation  of  Poverty.  ­Ã‚  State  and  Politics  in  India.  ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  India. M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  &  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION Semester  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  &  M. A. Public  Administration  students   with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03) Paper  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ II  :  Western  Political  Thought  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ II. 1. Liberalism   Adam  Smith:  Political  Economy   Jeremy  Benthan:  Principle  of  Utility J. S. Mill:Liberty,  Representative  Government   2. Contemporary  Ã‚  Liberalism   F. A. Hayek  on  Liberty   Robert  Nozick:  Minimal  State   John  Rawis:  Theory  of  Justice   3. Socialism   Early  Socialists:  Saint  Simon  and  Robert  Owen   Marl  Marx:  Critique  of  Capitalism,  Revolution   Antonio  Gramsci:  Civil  Society  and  Hegemony   4. Revisions  to  Socialism   Revisions  to  Marxism:  Eduard  Bemstein   Critical  theory:  Herbert  Marcuse   Post ­Marxism:  Emesto  Laclau   Recent  Trends  in  Socialist  Theory. Recommended  Books:   Sukhabir  Singh,  History  of  Political  Thought   G. H. Sabine,  A  History  of  Political  Theory   Anthony  Crespigny  and  Kenneth  Minlgue,  Contemporary  Political  Philosophers   Bhiku  Parekh,  Contemporary  Political  Thinkers   V. Krishna  Rao,  Paschatya  Rajaniti  Tatvavicharamu  (in  Telugu)   Robert  Nozick,  Anarchy,  State  and  Utopia   John  Gray,  Liberalism   Bernard  Crick,  Socialism   David  Held,  An  Introduction  to  Critical  Theory   Roger  Simon,  Gramsd’s  Political  Thought:  An  Introduction   Emesto Laciau,  Reflections  on  the  Revolution  of  Our  Time   David  Muller,  Market,  Sate  and  Community   G. A. Cohen,†Is  There  Still  a  Case  for  Socialism† M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  &  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION Semester  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  &  M. A. Public  Administration  students   with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03) Paper  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ II  :  Contemporary  Administrative  Theory Unit  ­Ã‚   I. a)  Elton  Mayo:  Human  Relations  Theory   b)  Herbert  A  Simon:  Decision  Making  Theory   a)  Motivation  Theory:  Abraham  Maslow –  Hierarchy  of  Needs   b)  Frederck  Herzberg:  Motivation  _  Hygiene  Theory   a)  Douglas  McGregor:  Theory  Ã¢â‚¬ËœX’  and  Theory  Ã¢â‚¬ËœY’   b)  Chris  Argynis:  Integration  Between  the  individual  and  the  organization. Unit –  II. Unit ­ III. Unit ­IV. a)  Rensis  Likert:  Management  Systems   b)  Theories  of  Leadership  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Michigan  Studies,  Chio  State  Leadership   Studies,  Group  Dynamics,  Managerial  Grid  and  Contingency  Model. Unit  ­Ã‚   V. a)  Policy  Analysis:  Yehzkel  Dror. b)  New  Public  Administration:  Minnobrook  Perspective. Readings:   1. Prasad  R  and  Others  (ed)   2. S. P. Naidu   :  Administrative  Thinkers(Telugu  /  English)   :  Public  Administration:  Theories  and  Concepts. New  Age  International  Publications,  Hyd,1996. 3. Hoshiar  Singh  &  Pradeep   :  Administrative  Theory,  Kitab  Mahal,   Sachdeva. New  Delhi,1999. 4. Fred  Luthans   :  Organizational  Behavior   5. Likert  R. ,   :  New  Patterns  of  Management   6. Argyris  C. :  Personality  and  Organization   7. Prank  Marini   :  New  Public  Administration.  · Students  are  required  to  consult  relevant  articles  from  journals  relating  to  public  administration   especially  the  Indian  Journal  of  Public  Administration. M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  &  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   Semester  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  &  M. A. Public  Administration  students   with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03) Paper  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ III  :  Public  Policy   Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚   I. a)  Public  Policy:  Meaning,  Nature,  Scope  and  Importance. b)  The  Pioneers:Harold  D. Lasswell  and  Yehezkel  Dror. Policy  Formulation:  Some  Models   a)   Systems  Model   b)   Group  Model   c)   Elite  Model   Theories  of  Decision –  Making:   a)   Rational  Comprehensive  Theory   b)   Incremental  Theory   c)   Mixed –  Scanning Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚   II. Unit  Ã¢â‚¬â€œIII. Unit ­IV. Unit  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  V. Evaluation  of  Public  Policies   Public  Policies  in  India:   a)   Industrial  Policy   b)   Agrarian  Policy   Recommended  Text  Books:   1. Anderson,  James  E. :  Public  Policy  making   2. Dye,  Thomas  R:  Under  Standing  Public  Policy   3. Yehzakel  Dror:  Ventures  in  Policy  Sciences:  Concepts  and  Applications. 4. Dutt  and  Sundaram:  Indian  Economy   Recommended  Reference  Books:   1. Laswell,Harold. D. :  Policy  Sciences,  International   Encyclopaedia  of  Social  Sciences. 2. Dye,  Thomas  R. :  Policy  Analysis   3. Ira  Sharankasy  (ed. )   :  Policy  Analysis  in  Political  Science   4. Charles  E. Lindblom   :  The  Policy  making  process   5. Daniel  Lernor  and  H. D. Lasswell   :  The  Poplicy  Sciences:  Recent   Development  in  Scope  and  Method   6. Di  Nitto,  Diana  M,  and  Dye,  Thomas  R   :Social  Welfare:  Politics  and  Public  Policy   7. Francis  Ankle   :  India’s  Political  Economy  1947 ­77:  The   Gradual  Revolution. 8. Jag  Mohan  (ed. )   :  25  years  of  Indian  Independence   9. M. Kistaiah   :  Public  Policy  and  Administration   10. Srimal  Mohan  Lal   :  Land Reforms  in  India  Promise  and   performance. 11. Raja  Purohit  A. R. (ed. )   :  Land  Reforms  in  India   12. Sharma,  B. A. V. (ed. )   :  Political  Economy  of  India:  A  Study  of   Land  Reforms. 13. Vijay  Joshi  an  IMD  Little   :  India’s  Economic  Reforms  1991 ­2001   14. Dreze  Jeep  and  Amarty  Sen  (eds. )   :  The  Political  Economy  of  Hunger. 15. M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE &  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION. Semester  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  &  M. A. Public  Administration  students with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03) Paper ­IV. Research  Methodology Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚   I. :Social  Research  and  Methods   1. Traditional Methods   2. Scientific  Method   3. Importance  of  Social  Research   :  Theory  Formation   1. Theory   2. Facts  and  Values   3. Concept  Formation Unit –  II. Unit ­III. Hypothesis  and  Research  Design   1. formation  of  Hypothesis   2. Testing  of  Hypothesis   3. Research  Design   Unit –  IV. Collection  and  Analysis  of  Data  and  Report  Writing   1. Sampling,  Observation,  Interview  and  Questionnaire   2. Analysis  of  Data   3. Report  Writing Reading  List:   1. W. J. Goode  &  P. K. Hatt:  Methods  of  Social  Research   2. Wilkinson  &  Bhandarkar:  Methodology  and  Techniques  of  Social  Research   3. Pauline  Young:  Scientific  Social  Surveys. M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  &  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION Semester  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  & M. A. Public  Administration  students   with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03) Paper ­III. Indian  Political  Process Unit ­Ã‚   I   . :  1. Indian  Polity:  Theoretical  Framework   2. Socip  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Political  Legacies  :  Hindu,  British  and  Gandhian   :  1.